Analysis Of The American Dream In The Death Of A Salesman

American writer, James Truslow Adams defined the â€Å"American Dream† as the â€Å"dream of a land in which life should be better and richer, and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement† (Clark). Many mistakenly associate the American Dream’s success with materialistic wealth, such as the Kardashian’s or Mark Zuckerberg’s, the success of the American dream to be associated with materialistic wealth, but Adams refers to it as a better lifestyle. Even though the United States is known as the land to opportunities, a place where every man can prosper by pulling themselves up by their bootstraps, this mythologization quickly fosters the path to delusion. The land of the free and the home of the brave can†¦show more content†¦Linda unconditionally supports Willy’s career, while Biff is more critical of his father, putting them at odds as Linda feels the need to defend Willy at the cost of the m other-son bond. Realizing that Biff’s relationship with his father is distant and cold, she angrily tells Biff, â€Å"if you don’t have any feelings for him then you can’t have any feeling for me† in order to persuade him to love and support Willy (Miller 55). Linda connects her identity as a mother to Willy, and by extent, a hapless pursuit of the American Dream, attempting to force Biff to, if not follow in his father’s footsteps, then understands his father on the condition that loving Willy is a prerequisite for loving her. In addition, Linda tells Biff â€Å"Either he’s your father and you pay him that respect, or else you’re not to come here† (Miller 55). In order to get Biff to respect his father and support him she utilizes an either-or fallacy to support her argument. Through the use of this fallacy Linda only offers Biff two possibilities, when more than two exist. Linda’s employment of flaw logic towards Bif f stems from her unconditional support and love for her husband. Willy’s aspirations gain unconditional support from his wife such that Linda is willing to sacrifice her relationship with Biff. Willy negatively influences Biff in other ways, such as his emphasis on success and being well-liked over morals and ethics. For instance, when Biff steals aShow MoreRelatedComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson 1403 Words   |  6 PagesFences written by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller are two plays that could be considered very different in terms of their plot. The plots of both plays contain two very different cultural backgrounds which affects each protagonist differently. If the reader or audience looks past the plot into the theme and symbolisms used they can see that the plays are more similar than they are different. In spite of the different cultural backgrounds of each protagonist they bothRead MoreAmerican Dream Derailed in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe American dream originated when immigrants came to America searching for new opportunities and a better life. In th e early 1900’s all people could do is dream; however, those dreams gave many different meanings to the phrase â€Å"American dream†, and for the most part, wealth and hard work play a very large role in the pursuit of â€Å"the dream†. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, and Arthur Miller’s drama, Death of a Salesman, both protagonists, Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman, are convincedRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman Tragedy Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesDeath of a Salesman is a tragic play written in 1949 by Arthur Miller. The story is about a salesman who lost his identity after having an affair with another woman and can’t seem to accept the changes in his life since the event. The story has been performed in theaters and shown on film for many years. Lee Siegel, a writer for The Nation explains the role of Death of a Salesman in the entertainment industry: Every ten years or so, Death of a Salesman is revived, and every ten years we get theRead MoreEssay about The American Dream in Death of a Salesman1371 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller’s ‘Death of a Salesman’ is an examination of American life and consumerism. It relates the story of a common man who portrays this lifestyle. Other issues explored in the play include: materialism, procrastination and alienation. The play was set in 1948, in a time where The American Dream was highly regarded, despite the Depression. The American Dream was a belief that emerged in the later half of the nineteenth century, that if you work hard you will achieve success and prosperityRead MoreThemes Of Death Of A Salesman1286 Words   |  6 PagesIllusion Death of a Salesman is a tragicomedy centered on the events that take place at the end of Willy Loman’s life. From the opening act, we learn that Willy and his family struggle to behave as a united front when they face financial pressures and strained familial bonds. This causes Willy to become desperate for success and validation. Death of a Salesman has commonly been interpreted as an analysis of the American dream. Within the ideal American society, citizens believe that the American dreamRead MoreDeath Of Salesman By F. Scott Fitzgerald1515 Words   |  7 Pageshuman being looking only at the past or present—instead of looking forward to the future. John Fitzgerald Kennedy once said, â€Å"Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.† In the play Death of Salesman by Arthur Miller, the protagonist Willy Loman is depicted as a man who has failed in life; he spent most of his life reminiscing the pa st. This affected his life greatly, especially his relationship with his son, Biff Loman. Nevertheless, inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Death Of A Salesman 954 Words   |  4 Pages Darrian Dowden AP English IV Death of a Salesman Written Assignment Death of a Salesman Character Analysis 1.Willy Loman. Although the main protagonist of the play, Willy Loman does not come to a certain self-realization. Searching and sifting through his memories (which cannot be completely taken as the truth as he reinvents them in a way to make them out as a golden era) he fails to recognize his slanted reality he’s lived in made up of his delusions. His forged relationship withRead MoreEssay on The Failure of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman1480 Words   |  6 Pagesas a land of opportunity. Out of that thinking comes the American Dream, the idea that anyone can ultimately achieve success, even if he or she began with nothing.  In The Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller uses the characterization of Willy Loman to represent the failure of his ideal of the American Dream.  Willy’s quest for the American Dream leads to his failure because throughout his life he pursues the illusion of the American Dream and not the reality of it. His mindset on perfection, obsessionRead MoreFailure Of The American Dream In The Writings Of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zora Neale Hurston, And August Wilson1418 Words   |  6 Pageswill define the failure of the †American Dream† in the writings of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Arthur Miller, Zora Neale Hurston, and August Wilson. Fitzgerald’s account of the Jay Gatsby s rise to fame in the 1920s defines the failure of financial success as part of the American Dream. Gatsby will eventually die due to his excessive greed, which is not unlike the emotional death of Willy Loman as he fails to become a successful salesman in Author Miller’s Death of a Salesman. More so, Hurston’s depictionRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1027 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Tragic Heroism of Biff Loman in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller This literary study will define the tragic heroism of Biff Loman in Arthur Miller’s play The Death of a Salesman. Biff is initially a victim of Willy’s continual harassment to make more money and find a better career. In this family unit, Biff must endure the unrealistic and fantasy-based elusions of his father in his fanatical pursuit of the American Dream. However, Biff soon learns of Willy’s extra-marital betrayal

The Action Of Leading A Group Or An Organization - 1143 Words

Leadership: the action of leading a group or an organization. Language: the method of human communication. Both qualities portray a very important role in human communication and leading qualities. A good leader is a person who has diligently worked hard for themselves, has good communication,confidence,commitment, and intuition. Brutus, a tragic hero in the play, Julius Caesar, is a great example who has some significant good and bad leadership and language qualities. He is one of the â€Å"conspirators† whose main intention of murdering Julius caesar was because of the well-being of Rome. He was brainwashed and manipulated by the cunning, Cassius. He was very shrewd and didn’t want Julius Caesar alive because he wanted to become powerful and†¦show more content†¦He speaks of them often to Cassius, and is greatly disturbed when events force him to act in a manner inconsistent with them. Ironically, his widely reputed honor is what causes Cassius to make an all -out effort to bring him into an enterprise of debatable moral respectability. Brutus reputation is so great that it will act to convince others who are as yet undecided to join.Brutus’ concentration on honorable and noble behavior also leads him into assuming a naive view of the world.He is unable to see through the roles being played by Cassius, Casca, and Antony. He does not recognize the bogus letters have been sent by Cassius,although they contain sentiments and diction that would warn a more prospective member. He underestimates Antony as an opponent and he loses control over the discussion at the capitol following the assassination.The events that occurred because of Brutus’ naiveness led to his downfall and death. His first mistake was in Act 2, Scene 1. This was when the fake letters are sent to him from the conspirators. This was all a lie, a trap, to get Brutus to join in on the conspirator for Cassius knew he could not do it without Brutus’ support. Brutus believes these letters are from the people of Rome and agrees to the death of Caesar. Another example of this naiveness is in Act 3, Scene 2. Brutus decides to allow Antony to speak to show honor to Caesar. In the end, this decision ruins him. Antony riles the crowd into believing that the conspiratorsShow MoreRelatedThe Action Of Leading A Group Of People Or An Organization1489 Words   |  6 Pages Leadership- the action of leading a group of people or an organization. The ever-changing world today is begging for leaders to stand up and come forth. As the world is looking for these confident leaders, it is important to know what makes up the psychological aspect of leaders. All successful leaders share similar basic characteristics. These characteristics make it so leaders are able to advocate their ideas, and lead a team into success. Also, for leaders to lead, there must be followers toRead MoreA Leader Is An Action Leading A Group Or Organization1749 Words   |  7 P ages What is leadership? It is defined as being an action leading a group or organization. It involves being able to take control of certain situations, and leading in the correct direction. Being a leader takes great knowledge and skill. It involves one being able to make smart decisions in order for his/her congregation to come out as successful. A leader must also know, that it is wise to have people in his/her corner to advise them of good or bad decisions. President Barack ObamaRead MoreBrief Historical Description Of The Tyco Company1221 Words   |  5 PagesWaltham, Massachusetts. In 1982, to fortify the organization, Tyco were partitioned into three business portions which are flame insurance, gadgets and bundling. Tyco revamped the organization again in the 1990s which included electrical and electronic segments, social insurance and strength items, flame and security administrations, and stream control. By 2000 Tyco Inc., had gained more than three noteworthy organizations, for example, ADT, the CIT Group, and Raychem. In 1999, after a stock splitRead More Business Management Essays1108 Words   |  5 Pagesfor planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the activities of the organization so that the goals can be achieved. According to a widely referenced study by Henry Mintzberg, managers serve three primary roles: interpersonal, informational, and decision-making. Management is process of administrating and coordinating resources effectively and efficiently in an effort to achieve the goals of the organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concept of management within an organization typically occurs in an organizationalRead MoreManagement Developing Countries And The Position Of Bangladesh Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pagesminimum efforts. Management is essential wherever group efforts are required to be directed towards achievements of common goals. Efficient management can foster the economic growth and development of a country. It also can bring the surface of human abilities and in the final analysis determine the success or failure of any country. It helps the management of the organization to focus on the need to any kind of change that might occur within an organization allowing to apply the useful methods or techniquesRead MoreIntroduction to Management999 Words   |  4 PagesThe formation of organization implies that a leader should take the role to control the activities of the group; the work done by the leader is what we call management. Organization and the definition of Management Organization is formed by a group of people who work together. No matter the organization is a profit making ones or non-profit making ones, its formations are to achieve a common purpose or variety of goals, which are the desired future outcomes. The outcomes might be producing aRead MoreManaging Self Directed And High Performance Teams1130 Words   |  5 PagesTherefore, managers that effectively embrace this type of management in their organizations often become very successful at managing great teams. However, for success to be realized by administrators, there are certain steps which they have to follow in order to achieve the organization goals. This essay will explore the difficulties encountered, as well as, the successes of establishing self-directed and high performing groups by drawing up a research report on success in management. Significantly, difficultiesRead MoreEssay Management and Operations Management Theory1272 Words   |  6 Pagescourse of action. The management defines a goal and puts forward its strategies to accomplish the objectives defined. Organizing: To divide the work force into specific groups and giving each group a specific task. Organizing also involves ensuring that a smooth flow of information and co-ordination exists between these groups. Thus the basic aim of organizing is to simply divide the work load and define the tasks while setting up deadlines in such a way that although different groups do differentRead MoreManagement and Operations Management Theory1282 Words   |  6 Pagescourse of action. The management defines a goal and puts forward its strategies to accomplish the objectives defined. Organizing: To divide the work force into specific groups and giving each group a specific task. Organizing also involves ensuring that a smooth flow of information and co-ordination exists between these groups. Thus the basic aim of organizing is to simply divide the work load and define the tasks while setting up deadlines in such a way that although different groups do differentRead MoreLeadership : An Organization s Human Capital958 Words   |  4 Pagescourageous action that emerges at the intersection of competency, trustworthy relationship, and a meaningful expression of purpose. Leaders have the courage to be loyal challengers, to stand when it matters, to fight for what they believe in- therein lays the basis of trust. Leadership ability transcends intellect; it happens at the synergistic confluence of one’s intelligence, emotions, and spirit. Leadership is defined as the social and informal sources of influence that you use to inspire action taken

Security 2 Essay Example For Students

Security 2 Essay Computer Security About two hundred years before, the word computer startedto appear in the dictionary. Some people even didnt know what is a computer. However, most of the people today not just knowing what is a computer, but understand how to use a computer. Therefore, computer become more and more popular and important to our society. We can use computer everywhere and they are very useful and helpful to our life. The speed and accuracy of computer made people felt confident and reliable. Therefore, many important information or data are saved in the computer. Such as your diary, the financial situation of a oil company or some secret intelligence of the military department. A lot of important information can be found in the memory of computer. So, people may ask a question: Can we make sure that the information in the computer is safe and nobody can steal it from the memory of the computer? Physical hazard is one of the causes of destroying the data in the computer. For example , send a flood of coffee toward a personal computer. The hard disk of the computer could be endangered by the flood of coffee. Besides, human caretaker of computer system can cause as much as harm as any physical hazard. For example, a cashier in a bank can transfer some money from one of his customers account to his own account. Nonetheless, the most dangerous thief are not those who work with computer every day, but youthful amateurs who experiment at night the hackers. The term hacker may have originated at M.I.T. as students jargon for classmates who labored nights in the computer lab. In the beginning, hackers are not so dangerous at all. They just stole computer time from the university. However, in the early 1980s, hackers became a group of criminals who steal information from other peoples computer. For preventing the hackers and other criminals, people need to set up a good security system to protect the data in the computer. The most important thing is that we cannot al low those hackers and criminals entering our computers. It means that we need to design a lock to lock up all our data or using identification to verify the identity of someone seeking access to our computers. The most common method to lock up the data is using a password system. Passwords are a multi-user computer systems usual first line of defense against hackers. We can use a combination of alphabetic and number characters to form our own password. The longer the password, the more possibilities a hackers password-guessing program must work through. However it is difficult to remember a very long passwords. So people will try to write the password down and it may immediately make it a security risk. Furthermore, a high speed password-guessing program can find out a password easily. Therefore, it is not enough for a computer that just have a password system to protect its data and memory. Besides password system, a computer company may consider about the security of its informa tion centre. In the past, people used locks and keys to limit access to secure areas. However, keys can be stolen or copied easily. Therefore, card-key are designed to prevent the situation above. Three types of card-keys are commonly used by banks, computer centers and government departments. Each of this card-keys can employ an identifying number or password that is encoded in the card itself, and all are produced by techniques beyond the reach of the average computer criminals. One of the three card-key is called watermark magnetic. It was inspired by the watermarks on paper currency. The cards magnetic strip have a 12-digit number code and it cannot be copied. It can store about two thousand bits in the magnetic strip. The other two cards have the capability of storing thousands of times of data in the magnetic strip. They are optical memory cards (OMCs) and Smart cards. Both of them are always used in the security system of computers. However, it is not enough for just using p assword system and card-keys to protect the memory in the computer. A computer system also need to have a restricting program to verify the identity of the users. Generally, identity can be established by something a person knows, such as a password or something a person has, such as a card-key. However, people are often forget their passwords or lose their keys. A third method must be used. It is using something a person has physical trait of a human being. We can use a new technology called biometric device to identify the person who wants to use your computer. Biometric devices are instrument that perform mathematical analyses of biological characteristics. For example, voices, fingerprint and geometry of the hand can be used for identification. Nowadays, many computer centers, bank vaults, military installations and other sensitive areas have considered to use biometric security system. It is because the rate of mistaken acceptance of outsiders and the rejection of authorized insiders is extremely low. Individuality of vocal signature is one kind of biometric security system. The main point of this system is voice verification. The voice verifier described here is a developmental system at American Telephone and Telegraph. Only one thing that people need to do is repeating a particular phrase several times. The computer would sample, digitize and store what you said. After that, it will built up a voice signature and make allowances for an individuals characteristic variations. The theory of voice verification is very simple. It is using the characteristics of a voice: its acoustic strength. To isolate personal characteristics within these fluctuations, the computer breaks the sound into its component frequencies and analyzes how they are distributed. If someone wants to steal some information from your computer, the person needs to have a same voice as you and it is impossible. Besides using voices for identification, we can use fingerprint to verify a persons identity because no two fingerprints are exactly alike. In a fingerprint verification system, the user places one finger on a glass plate; light flashes inside the machine, reflects off the fingerprint and is picked up by an optical scanner. The scanner transmits the information to the computer for analysis. After that, security experts can verify the identity of that person by those information. Finally, the last biometric security system is the geometry of the hand. In that system, the computer system uses a sophisticated scanning device to record the measurements of each persons hand. With an overhead light shining down on the hand, a sensor underneath the plate scans the fingers through the glass slots, recording light intensity from the fingertips to the webbing where the fingers join the palm. After passing the investigation of the computer, people can use the computer or retrieve data from the computer. Although a lot of security system have invented in our world, they are useless if people always think that stealing information is not a serious crime. Therefore, people need to pay more attention on computer crime and fight against those hackers, instead of using a lot of computer security systems to protect the computer. Why do we need to protect our computers ? It is a question which people always ask in 18th century. However, every person knows the importance and useful of a computer security system. In 19th century, computer become more and more important and helpful. You can input a large amount of information or data in a small memory chip of a personal computer. The hard disk of a computer system is liked a bank. It contained a lot of costly material. Such as your diary, the financial situation of a trading company or some secret military information. Therefore, it just like hire some security guards to protect the bank. A computer security system can use to prevent the outflow of the information in the national defense industry or t he personal diary in your computer. Nevertheless, there is the price that one might expect to pay for the tool of security: equipment ranging from locks on doors to computerized gate-keepers that stand watch against hackers, special software that prevents employees to steal the data from the companys computer. The bill can range from hundreds of dollars to many millions, depending on the degree of assurance sought. Although it needs to spend a lot of money to create a computer security system, it worth to make it. It is because the data in a computer can be easily erased or destroyed by a lot of kind of hazards. For example, a power supply problem or a fire accident can destroy all the data in a computer company. In 1987, a computer centre inside the Pentagon, the US militarys sprawling head quarters near Washington, DC., a 300-Watt light bulb once was left burning inside a vault where computer tapes were stored. After a time, the bulb had generated so much heat that the ceiling b egan to smelt. When the door was opened, air rushing into the room brought the fire to life. Before the flames could be extinguished, they had spread consume three computer systems worth a total of $6.3 million. Besides those accidental hazards, human is a great cause of the outflows of data from the computer. There have two kind of people can go in the security system and steal the data from it. One is those trusted employee who is designed to let in the computer system, such as programmers, operators or managers. Another kind is those youth amateurs who experiment at night -the hackers. Lets talk about those trusted workers. They are the groups who can easily become a criminal directly or indirectly. They may steal the information in the system and sell it to someone else for a great profit. In another hand, they may be bribed by someone who want to steal the data. It is because it may cost a criminal far less in time and money to bride a disloyal employee to crack the security system. Beside those disloyal workers, hacker is also very dangerous. The term hacker is originated at M.I.T. as students jargon for classmates who doing computer lab in the night. In the beginning, hackers are not so dangerous at all. They just stole some hints for the test in the university. However, in early 1980s, hacker became a group of criminal who steal information from other commercial companies or government departments. What can we use to protect the computer ? We have talked about the reasons of the use of computer security system. But what kind of tools can we use to protect the computer. The most common one is a password system. Password are a multi-user computer systems which usual used for the first line of defense against intrusion. A password may be any combination of alphabetic and numeric characters, to maximum lengths set by the e particular system. Most system can accommodate passwords up to 40 characters. However, a long passwords can be easily forget. So, pe ople may write it down and it immediately make a security risk. Some people may use their first name or a significant word. With a dictionary of 2000 common names, for instance, a experienced hacker can crack it within ten minutes. Besides the password system, card-keys are also commonly used. Each kind of card-keys can employ an identifying number or password that is encoded in the card itself, and all are produced by techniques beyond the reach of the average computer criminal. Three types of card usually used. They are magnetic watermark, Optical memory card and Smart card. However, both of the tools can be easily knew or stole by other people. Password are often forgotten by the users and card-key can be copied or stolen. Therefore, we need to have a higher level of computer security system. Biometric device is the one which have a safer protection for the computer. It can reduce the probability of the mistaken acceptance of outsider to extremely low. Biometric devices are ins trument that perform mathematical analyses of biological characteristics. However, the time required to pass the system should not be too long. Also, it should not give inconvenience to the user. For example, the system require people to remove their shoes and socks for footprint verification. Gerald Ford (1116 words) Essay Individuality of vocal signature is one kind of biometry security system. They are still in the experimental stage, reliable computer systems for voice verification would be useful for both on-site and remote user identification. The voice verifier described here is invented by the developmental system at American Telephone and Telegraph. Enrollment would require the user to repeat a particular phrase several times. The computer would sample, digitize and store each reading of the phrase and then, from the data, build a voice signature that would make allowances for an individuals characteristic variations. Another biometric device is a device which can measuring the act of writing. The device included a biometric pen and a sensor pad. The pen can converts a signature into a set of three electrical signals by one pressure sensor and two acceleration sensors. The pressure sensor can change in the writers downward pressure on the pen point. The two acceleration sensor can measure the vertical and horizontal movement. The third device which we want to talk about is a device which can scan the pattern in the eyes. This device is using an infrared beam which can scan the retina in a circular path. The detector in the eyepiece of the device can measure the intensity of the light as it is reflected from different points. Because blood vessels do not absorb and reflect the same quantities of infrared as the surrounding tissue, the eyepiece sensor records the vessels as an intricate dark pattern against a lighter background. The device samples light intensity at 320 points around the path of the scan , producing a digital profile of the vessel pattern. The enrollment can take as little as 30 seconds and verification can be even faster. Therefore, user can pass the system quickly and the system can reject those hackers accurately. The last device that we want to discuss is a device which can map the intricacies of a fingerprint. In the verification system, the user places one finger on a glass plate; l ight flashes inside the machine ,reflect off the fingerprint and is picked up by an optical scanner. The scanner transmits the information to the computer for analysis. Although scientist have invented many kind of computer security systems, no combination of technologies promises unbreakable security. Experts in the field agree that someone with sufficient resources can crack almost any computer defense. Therefore, the most important thing is the conduct of the people. If everyone in this world have a good conduct and behavior, there is no need to use any complicated security system to protect the.

Womanism or Black Feminism free essay sample

Black women started to speak up in 1970s and during the 1980s and 1990s black womanhood started to be an important point of debates and since then African American women? s thoughts and ideas are a very significant part of literature. Gender studies are taught at universities and black women writers are known of. Their books are studied and researches done. They took a long and hard journey from slavery until today and it was not easy. Despite all disadvantages, critiques, obstacles and problems, they managed to get a word in the world which had only three categories: White men, White women and Black men. In this essay I would like to deal with two terms which are topical in current debates: Womanism and Black Feminism. Womanism is described in the first paragraph, Black feminism in the second followed by the conclusion. First I will focus on Alice Walker? s multiple definitions of â€Å"womanismâ€Å" in In Search of Our Mother? s Gardens. We will write a custom essay sample on Womanism or Black Feminism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She offers several meanings. She sees the term as rooted in history which was full of racial and gender oppression. â€Å"You acting womanishâ€Å" taken from the black folk tradition meant that the girls acted in outrageous, courageous and willful ways – it freed them from conventions. They behaved like white women could not, they wanted to know more than was good for them. To understand what she means we have to know that the history of black women and white women is different. Not only as a history of events but history of language. The conventions for black women were different, they were supposed to behave differently and the society took them less serious. But Alice Walker in her definition says that â€Å"womanishâ€Å" is also being serious, grown up, responsible – which is an opposite to white understanding of black women. Walker somehow implies that black women are superior to white women because of black folk tradition. Also Walker? s much cited phrase â€Å"womanist is to feminist as purple to lavenderâ€Å" black women are womanists and white women are only feminists. Then, we have to think about the colours purple and lavender. According to my opinion purple is almost red, full, and shining with energy. It is a colour darker, more lovely, and richer than lavender. Lavender is pale, poorer, and relaxing. It is an opposite to purple, yet there is a similarity. Both are connected to violet as violet would be something which connects them. I would say that this something could be a metaphor to humanity. They are different but both human, different race but still human. Walker also presents a visionary meaning for womanism. As part of her second definition, Walker has a girl asking a question â€Å"Mama why are we brown, pink and yellow, and our cousins are white, beige, and black? â€Å" The response is â€Å"Well, you know the colored race is just like a flower garden, with every color flower represented. â€Å" It criticizes the colorism within African American communities and broadens the notion of humanity to make all people people of color. Women and men coexist in the same garden but retaining their cultural distinctiveness. Womanism provides a space for Black women and women of color to create a dialogue in a non threatening environment. According to Katie Cannon, womanism is always in the making – it is not a closed fixed system of ideas but one that continually evolves through its rejection of all forms of oppression and commitment to social justice. Another definition concerns wholeness â€Å"A woman is committed to survival and wholeness of entire people, male and female,â€Å" which proposes that males are not the enemy whereas in feminism they are. Walker also sees womanist as a woman who loves other women, which implies that womanists could be lesbians but it remains unacknowledged in the work of African American writers (Collins 10). Secondly I would like to comment on feminism and Black feminism. According to Pearl Cleage, feminism is the belief that women are full human beings capable of participation and leadership in the full range of human activities. I think that for white women and also black women, it already works. Well, almost. Because there are still women who are not equal to men, their salaries are lower, they are supposed to work and also take care of the family but on the other hand, there are lot of women who work as managers and on the top-list positions or they are prosperous businesswomen. There are female presidents and governon generals, white and black. For example, Park Geun-hye from the South Korea, Joyce Banda from Malawi, Slavica Dukic Dejanovic from Serbia, Dilma Rousseff from Brazil, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner from Argentina and others. I was really impressed how many white and also black women occupy high positions in the politics because in the Czech republic, there are not many of them. Even now in the twenty-first century I would find it rare to have a female president. But there is going to be time in the future when it will be normal, I hope. Then I would like to comment on Black Feminism. It is the acknowledgement that women of color have been oppressed by sexism and racism, that there was a failure to recognize and address these issues in the Feminist Movement and the Black Liberation Movement, and that women of color have their own agenda that neither movement can take on. Black Feminism focuses on the experiences, needs, and desires of women of color (Aldridge 193). In establishing why Black Feminism is relevant, it must be established that women of color have been thrice victimized: by racism, sexism and economic exploitation. These three oppressive forces affect women of color simultaneously and equally relentlessly (Gordon 166). The goal of Black Feminism is to create a criterion by which women of color can assess their realities, both in thought and in action (Hudson-Weems 210). Black women have long struggled with the exclusionary white feminism and challenged the racism within feminist organization. The specific issues worked on in the Black Feminist Movement, according to Barbara Smith, were/are: reproductive rights, sterilization abuse, equal access to abortion, health care, child care, the rights of the disabled, violence against women, rape, battering, sexual harassment, welfare rights, lesbian and gay rights, aging, police brutality, labor organizing, anti-imperialist struggles, anti-racist organizing, nuclear disarmament, and preserving the environment. To this end, several organizations were established during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Most importantly, the movement must find a way to broaden support among black and Third World women. Education about the true nature and goal of the movement as well as resources and strategies for change must reach the women who have little or no access to the movement. There is a need for the development of mentor relationships between black women scholar/activists and young black students, both female and male. Individual struggle must be connected with a larger feminist movement to effect change, and so that new black feminists need not reinvent theory or search again for history that was never recorded. There is also a need to develop black female subjectivity to address black women as the primary audience of theoretical and critical black feminism. Black women and men need to develop a critical style which encourages further dialogue and development of ideas rather than merely trashing and silencing new black feminist voices. Respect for fellow black women must be developed and guarded in spite of the sexist, racist, and classist cultural baggage with which all Americans are weighed down. Differences among black women must be acknowledged and affirmed, rather than ignored. Finally, alliances must be strengthened between the black feminist movement and its parent movements. The black feminist movement must hold the current male-dominated black liberation movement accountable for its sexism and at the same time work with the movement to end the oppression of black people. As well, there must be a working dialogue between the white-dominated feminist movement and the black feminist movement to continue to develop theory and action which strives toward the end of sexism. The power and influence that each of these groups has cannot be ignored. As one NBFO (National Black Feminist Organization) member has said, White women are our natural allies; we cant take down the system alone. (Hull, Scott, Smith). As previously mentioned, there are differences between Black Feminism and Womanism. Black Feminism is still a derivative of Feminism, which is female-centered. Womanism is centered around the natural order of life, family and a complimentary relationship with men and women. It is all-inclusive and universal. Black Feminism tackles the social, political, and educational struggle of African-American women in the United States but it does not address all the global issues that women in the African origin are dealing with. It should be noted that in no way is Black Feminism any more or less important than Womanism. In fact, there are many elements in Black Feminism that are considered womanist values, such as the recognition of African roots, the pattern of defining a Black woman’s standpoint and the struggle to correct sexist attitudes. Rather, Womanism is the direction that Black Feminism should be evolving towards. Since Black Feminism is primarily focused on issues in the United States, it is not enough for the current conditions of the world. Currently, as more women around the world take a stand against the injustices each respective country has, the need for global solidarity continues to grow.

American Revolution vs. French Revolution essays

American Revolution vs. French Revolution essays The French Revolution was one of the most significant turning points in French History. It may not have given France a proper democracy or have given France a good reputation with the Reign of Terror and all the deaths, but it did unify the French people together, which helped them over throw their cruel monarch. But when compared to the American Revolution, the French Revolution would be considered a big circle, with death in various parts of it. Why did each revolution start? Was it because they needed attention? Or was it because they were bored? Maybe it was it because they werent being listened to, and they wouldnt take it any more. That sounds a little better than the first two. I know that the American Revolution started because there was no representation of the original thirteen colonies and the British taxed them on every minor thing, for example the stamp tax. The French on the other hand started their revolution because they lived in poverty, in hunger, and in a land were the monarch will do nothing about it. As the poor peasants starved, the noblemen and clergy lived comfortable lives and had enough food for them. It sounds as if the French Revolution had a better reason to be started. Both wars were fought with different strategies that led to there over all victory. During the American Revolution, most standard military procedures were dropped and guerrilla warfare was used. Guerrilla warfare is like a hit and run but without the car and more causalities form the one that was hit. The British during revolution also gave the Americans the home felid advantage and gave them easy targets by wearing their red coats. Also the, Americans had a lot of outside help from Native Americans and the French (Irony). The French Revolution was fought without very many weapons and a lot of people. There were few guns to be found but there were probably a lot of farming tools like pitchforks and axes maybe even swor...

Frankfurts notion of Second Order Volition Essay

Frankfurts notion of Second Order Volition - Essay Example Frankfurt’s essay opens with his views on the concept of â€Å"person†. When his contemporaries seek to define a person as merely a body with states of consciousness, Frankfurt begs to differ. He states that a person is not just the singular form of ‘people’. It does not merely refer to the members of certain biological species with a set of specific physical and mental characteristics that are supposed to be uniquely human. Humans are not the only creatures with desires, motives and choices. But it is the capacity of reflective self-evaluation and a desire to be different from what they are that makes the persons a class apart from the other living beings.The primary feature that differentiates a person from other creatures is his structure of will. To define â€Å"will†, one needs to first understand the concept of first order desire. A first order desire is simply a desire for something or a desire to do or not to do one thing or another. For exam ple, a desire to smoke a cigarette or to watch a movie or to read a book is a first order desire. ... Therefore, a desire which determines the behaviour of a person at a critical moment and leads him to action in the presence of other conflicting desires is termed as will. (Frankfurt, 1971, pp. 4-5) To define â€Å"free will†, Frankfurt introduces another type of desires- second order desires. A second order desire refers to a desire about a first order desire or a desire to have or not to have a first order desire. Or in other words, a second order desire is a manifestation of the uniquely human ability of reflection on one’s first order desires. For example, a habitual smoker may have a desire to smoke but a smoker who is trying to quit may want â€Å"not to have a desire to smoke†. The latter is a case of second order desire.It is these second order desires that are regarded as a mark of ‘personhood’. (Frankfurt, 1971, p. 3) Second order desires which refer to effective first order desires are termed as second order volitions. In simpler terms, wh en a person wants a second order desire to be his will, it becomes a second order volition. To illustrate the concept better, we may take the example of a psychologist dealing with a drug addict patient. To understand his patient better, he may want to have the desire for drugs (second order desire). But he does not want his desire to be effective (to actually take drugs). The doctor thus demonstrates a second order desire but no second order volition. It is not second order desire but second order volition that is essential to being a person and this leads us to the definition of free will and freedom of action.((Frankfurt, 1971, p. 5) Free will is a situation wherein a person’s second order volition determines his behaviour. The definition of â€Å"freedom of will†

Identified Limitations and Threats to Validity Essay

Identified Limitations and Threats to Validity - Essay Example Corporate associations determine the information the person holds about the company, which determines the responses given in a questionnaire. The participants were at least 18 years old, and lived in Lima. This selection predisposes the respondents to certain outcomes. Reliability is affected by the stability of collected data. The responses of the recipient are bound to change during different periods. External validity refers to the extent to which the findings can be extended to other areas. The respondents were selected randomly and came only from Lima. Their responses could therefore fail to cover the behavior of customers in other cities and countries (Marquina, 2007). Questionnaires are effective for collecting large amounts of data. In this case, over 600 customers participated and each answered 32 questions. In this way the researcher was able to collect large amounts of customer views. Correlation between the different sets of data could be used to determine its reliability. However, respondents might not be willing to give responses. The researcher used two interview phases to using the same subjects. This provided more accurate responses. Interviews can be used for qualitative research. A research for CSR utilization in Nigeria used interviews as the source of information. The research method affects the quality of results collected. In this case interviews were used and the interviewer cross-examined respondents for detailed answers. In this way, the researcher collects detailed information regarding the study question. The same interview questions were used, and the previous interviewees could discuss the questions with others. This influenced their view regarding CSR in the country. The environment of the interviewees determines the quality of answers they give. In this case the respondents came from different sectors and the answers given depend on their knowledge about CSR. Respondents were from